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Federal and State Recognition of Indian Tribes

NILL's Directories of Tribes includes a link to the list of federally reconized tribal entities and state recognized tribes as well as directories of tribal governments and reservations.

Office of Federal Acknowledgment (OFA) - Bureau of Indian Affairs, Department of the Interior.

Code of Federal Regulations - (U.S. Government Printing Office). Title 25, part 83: Procedures for Federal Acknowledgment of Indian Tribes.

Bureau of Indian Affairs Federal Acknowledgement Decision Compilation v 2.0 & v 1.2 converted and posted by Indianz. And Recent Acknowledgment Actions published by the Department of Interior. See article 1 & article 2 about these databases.

"The database is an online version of the Acknowledgment Decision Compilation (ADC), a record of documents that the Bureau of Indian Affairs has on file for dozens of groups that have made it through the federal recognition process."

"Primer on Federal Recognition and Current Issues Affecting the Process." Prepared for NCAI Winter Session, February, 2001. Updated November 21, 2011. Jennifer P. Hughes, Esq; Morisset, Schlosser & Jozwiak.

Indian Issues: Improvements Needed in Tribal Recognition Process. GAO-02-49 (November 2, 2001). Government Accountability Office.

Indian Issues: More Consistent and Timely Tribal Recognition Process Needed - GAO-02-415T (February 07, 2002). Government Accountability Office.

Indian Issues: Basis for BIA's Tribal Recognition Decisions Is Not Always Clear - GAO-02-936T (September 17, 2002). Government Accountability Office.

Native Hawaiians

Procedures for Reestablishing a Formal Government-to-Government Relationship with the Native Hawaiian Community - Office of Native Hawaiian Relations, Department of the Interior.

Code of Federal Regulations- (U.S. Government Printing Office). Title 43, part 50: Procedures for Reestablishing a Formal Government-to-Government Relationship with the Native Hawaiian Community.

Articles

Alexa Koenig. Federalism and the State Recognition of Native American Tribes: A Survey of State-Recognized Tribes and State Recognition Processes Across the United States. 48 Santa Clara Law Review 79 (2007).

Ama Lee. Two Classes of Tribes: Unifying the State and Federal Recognition Systems. 54 Colum. Hum. Rts. L. Rev. 249 (2022).

Lorinda Riley. When a Tribal Entity Becomes a Nation: The Role of Politics in the Shifting Federal Recognition Regulations. 39 Am. Indian L. Rev. 451 (2015).

Zoe Vogel. The Importance of Ensuring an Accessible Federal Acknowledgment Process for Indigenous Tribes in the Face of the Climate Crisis. 36 Tul. Envtl. L.J. 275 (2023).

Additional articles can be found by searching NILL's online catalog.